Delhi AQI: What is PM2.5 and the row over air pollution data post Deepavali?

Deepavali, the festival of lights, brings joy to many but also poses a risk to respiratory health due to pollution caused by firecrackers. Exposure to the smoke generated from these crackers can trigger symptoms like coughing, wheezing, and breathlessness, especially in individuals with asthma or other pre-existing respiratory conditions.

However, the harmful effects extend beyond those with diagnosed respiratory issues; anyone can experience irritation of their airways when exposed to high levels of particulate matter and gases present in the smoke.

The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a measure used to quantify the pollution levels in the air, converting the concentrations of various pollutants into a single numerical value. India’s Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) calculates the AQI using eight pollutants, including PM2.5 (fine particulate matter), PM10 (coarse particulate matter), nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and carbon monoxide.

These pollutants, especially when present in high concentrations, can have adverse impacts on lung function and overall respiratory health. The smoke from firecrackers during Deepavali can elevate the AQI significantly, thereby increasing the risk of respiratory problems for all individuals, regardless of whether they have a history of breathing difficulties.