A modular mechanism determines the proton-pumping stoichiometry of respiratory complex I
Respiratory complex I, a crucial metabolic enzyme, uses the reducing potential of NADH to pump protons across energy-transducing membranes, but its mechanism of catalysis remains unknown. Here, guided by detailed structural information, we combine targeted mutagenesis and biophysical analyses to define the proton-pumping pathways in the three antiporter-like (proton-pumping) subunits of complex I…
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