Insulin resistance: the warning sign many Malaysians miss

Insulin resistance is a warning sign of potential diabetes that many Malaysians may overlook. This condition occurs when the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, making it harder for the body to control blood sugar levels. Dr Norlaila Mustafa, a senior consultant in medicine and endocrinology, explains that almost all individuals with obesity experience insulin resistance, but it can also affect people who appear slim or maintain a normal weight.

Insulin acts like a key, allowing sugar to move from the bloodstream into the body's cells for energy. When insulin resistance develops, the body produces more insulin to compensate, but this process becomes less effective over time. Chronic stress, poor sleep, and unhealthy eating habits are major contributors to insulin resistance. Additionally, highly processed foods high in fat can worsen the condition by increasing hormone levels that promote insulin resistance.

One often overlooked symptom of insulin resistance is darkened patches of skin, known as acanthosis nigricans, which can appear around the neck, elbows, knuckles, or body folds. While obesity is the strongest risk factor, insulin resistance can also affect individuals with a genetic predisposition or those who maintain a normal weight.

Preventing and managing insulin resistance primarily involves lifestyle changes. Regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and making healthier food choices can significantly reduce the risk. Simple exercises like brisk walking for 30 minutes a day can make a difference. Norlaila emphasizes the importance of a balanced lifestyle that includes regular exercise and proper nutrition to prevent and manage insulin resistance, reducing the risk of developing diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure.