Insulin resistance: the warning sign many Malaysians miss

Insulin resistance often goes unnoticed by many Malaysians until diabetes develops. This condition arises when the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, forcing the body to produce more insulin to maintain blood sugar control. Dr Norlaila Mustafa, a senior consultant in medicine and endocrinology, explains that almost all individuals with obesity suffer from insulin resistance, but this does not automatically mean they have diabetes.

Insulin is like a key that allows sugar to enter cells, providing energy. When insulin resistance sets in, the body becomes less effective at using insulin, leading to increased insulin production.

Contributing factors to insulin resistance include unhealthy eating habits, lack of physical activity, and weight gain. Stress and poor sleep can also exacerbate the problem. Left unmanaged, insulin resistance increases the risk of developing diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. A concerning yet often overlooked sign of insulin resistance is the presence of darkened patches of skin in areas such as the neck, elbows, knuckles, or body folds, a condition called acanthosis nigricans.

This sign is frequently attributed to poor hygiene but is actually indicative of insulin resistance, particularly in individuals who are overweight.

While obesity is the strongest risk factor for insulin resistance, it can also affect individuals who appear thin or maintain a normal weight, especially those with a genetic predisposition. Norlaila cautions against the frequent consumption of highly processed foods, which are high in fat and produce hormones that promote insulin resistance.

The good news is that insulin resistance can be prevented and managed through simple lifestyle changes. Regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and making mindful food choices can all help reduce the risk. Norlaila advises against focusing solely on eating vegetables, suggesting a more balanced approach that includes reducing sugar, salt, and processed ingredients in the diet.

She also encourages engaging in manageable forms of exercise, such as brisk walking for at least 30 minutes a day, and emphasizes the importance of a healthy lifestyle through regular exercise and proper nutrition.