What to know about dementia—and ways to prevent it
Dementia touches many lives—in many different ways. Most people have some firsthand experience of it, whether with an aging family member, friend or neighbor. More than 6 million people in the U.S. have some type of dementia, and that number is expected to increase in the coming years as the population gets older.
Dementia is a broad term describing a decline in memory, thinking, communication and judgment that significantly affects daily life. It is caused by various brain conditions, with Alzheimer's disease being the most prevalent in the U.S. Additional causes include stroke, vascular problems, and abnormal protein deposits. As people age, the likelihood of developing dementia increases, often becoming more severe over time.
Beyond the clinical aspect, dementia has an emotional impact on patients and their families, causing frustration, fear, grief and a sense of self-perceived deterioration.
While dementia is rare in midlife, its prevalence rises sharply among those 75 or older. Interestingly, approximately half of dementia cases could be prevented or delayed, according to a recent international report. This reduction can be achieved by adopting healthy behaviors such as not smoking, limiting alcohol intake, engaging in regular physical activity, and maintaining optimal blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels.
Other preventive measures include treating depression, preserving social connections, staying mentally active, wearing protective gear during sports, and managing hearing and vision loss.
Cognitive reserve, a critical concept in dementia research, refers to an individual's ability to maintain cognitive function despite brain changes. This reserve can be enhanced through activities like maintaining good hearing and vision, staying mentally active with classes, puzzles, art, or other hobbies, and regularly connecting with family and friends through social events or virtual interactions.
Many of these preventive measures also lower the risk of other significant health issues, such as stroke, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. The most substantial benefits arise from starting these habits early and maintaining them throughout life.
Dr. Jorge Llibre-Guerra, a behavioral neurologist at WashU Medicine, emphasizes that the field is witnessing growing evidence for earlier detection and new treatments. However, he reiterates that prevention remains a potent tool in combating dementia.
Written by urgent.news from Medical Xpress's reporting — not their text. Machine-written — may contain errors; check the original before relying on it.
