All you need to know about: scoliosis

Scoliosis is a condition that affects the spine, causing it to develop an unnatural curvature, often in the shape of an 'S' or 'C'. This condition can begin in early childhood or during the early teenage years and can range from mild to severe. The more severe the curvature, the greater the need for treatment. Mild cases may not cause any pain and individuals can lead a normal life, but severe cases can lead to chronic back pain, breathing difficulties, and other issues.

Scoliosis can also affect bone development, causing uneven shoulders, rib arches, uneven waistlines, and hips, and differences in arm and leg length. The gait can also be affected, leading to balance and coordination problems. While the exact cause of most cases of scoliosis is unknown, it can run in families. There are four types of scoliosis: idiopathic (cause unknown), congenital (abnormal formation of vertebrae in the womb), neuromuscular (neurological and muscular conditions affecting the spine), and degenerative (occurring in older adults due to arthritis or wear and tear of discs).

Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common, accounting for almost 80% of cases. Women are more likely to have the condition progress to a more severe stage, requiring treatment. Scoliosis affects around 2-3% of the population and is often diagnosed late in India due to the lack of routine screening of school children. Treatment for scoliosis involves monitoring the growth of the child through X-rays and MRI scans, neurological investigations, and assessing the size of the curve.

Children with moderate curvature may be recommended to wear a brace, while those with severe curvature may require surgical procedures such as screws and rods to help maintain the spine's position. Despite the challenges, people with scoliosis have led successful lives, with celebrities like Usain Bolt and Elizabeth Taylor overcoming the condition and achieving international success.