Aphantasia May Affect About 4% of Japanese

A cognitive condition called aphantasia may affect around 4% of individuals, revealing significant disparities in how people perceive memory and imagination. For instance, when asked to envision a red apple, most individuals can picture it vividly. However, those with aphantasia may not be able to form any mental image of it, even though they still remember factual details like its color, shape, and taste.

One such person is Yuko Setoguchi, a resident of Osaka Prefecture who creates detailed paintings of birds despite her aphantasia. She accomplishes this by frequently referring to photographs on her smartphone while working on her drawings. Drawing without visual reference is particularly challenging for Setoguchi, who struggled with drawing and crafts as a child, particularly assignments requiring her to recall her mother's face or a memorable event from school sports day.

She only discovered her condition two years ago after researching online and learning that mental imagery is not universal. The underlying cause of aphantasia remains unclear, and there are no definitive diagnostic criteria. However, studies suggest that it affects approximately 4% of people and can vary greatly among individuals.

Some aphantasics experience difficulties beyond visual imagery, such as with sounds, tastes, or touch. The trait is often present from birth, and while most people see mental images when reading, those with aphantasia may not, which can lead to difficulties in school or work when communication assumes mental visualization. Aphantasia highlights the importance of recognizing cognitive differences and adapting educational and workplace environments to accommodate these variations, ultimately fostering greater understanding and inclusivity.