Habitat and feeding ecology of a Denisovan from Late Pleistocene Taiwan

In a study concerning the Denisovan population from Late Pleistocene Taiwan, researchers have discovered a Denisovan tibia, known as Penghu 3, with a radiocarbon age estimated to be around 45,000 years old. This discovery, made in Penghu Channel, Taiwan, sheds light on the living conditions, diet, and ecological niche of this Denisovan individual.

The findings reveal that Penghu 3 inhabited a C4-dominated ecosystem, which typically includes open environments like savannahs and floodplains, or a mix of such environments. This suggests that the Denisovan lived in areas similar to those inhabited by European Neanderthals, who were known to consume primarily animal protein. The presence of a high proportion of animal protein in the Denisovan's diet is comparable to that of some European Neanderthals, indicating a shared dietary preference among these two groups.

However, there is no evidence to suggest that the Penghu 3 individual made use of aquatic resources. This aspect of their diet and habitat preferences contributes to our understanding of the behavioral flexibility of Denisovans, as they managed to thrive in diverse environments across eastern Asia during the Late Pleistocene era.

The study also brings attention to the eventual disappearance of the Denisovans. As the Penghu 3 individual dates back to approximately 45,000 years ago, during a time when modern humans were already widespread in southern Asia, it raises questions about the factors that led to their decline. This research provides valuable insights into the ecological niche, dietary habits, and eventual disappearance of the Denisovans, filling in gaps in our knowledge about this intriguing human ancestor group.