German reunification: How inequality is shaping a new East German identity

German reunification occurred 36 years ago, yet wealth disparities between East and West Germany persist. The Federal Government Commissioner for Eastern Germany, Elisabeth Kaiser, has highlighted these disparities as a significant issue. In her study, Kaiser explains that restrictions on private entrepreneurship and investment opportunities in the East during decades after reunification led to limited wealth accumulation and inheritance for families.

This has impacted upward mobility and contributed to a new East German identity shaped by economic inequality.

Recent surveys indicate that a majority of Germans, both in East and West, believe that financial and social mobility are heavily influenced by wealth, personal connections, and social background. Despite progress in executive representation in federal agencies, East Germans remain significantly underrepresented in decision-making positions across various sectors.

According to Kaiser, East Germans hold just under 20% of the top positions, with the percentage remaining stagnant since 2018. In the business and cultural sectors, the representation of East Germans has even declined.

The underrepresentation of East Germans in leadership roles has implications for how East Germans perceive themselves and are perceived by others. Kaiser notes that her generation did not initially identify as East German but became aware of the disparities through education and vocational training. This has contributed to stereotypes about East Germany and the formation of an East German identity, often politically motivated, with some exploiting cultural symbols like the Simson moped for political gain.

Kaiser expresses concern that the ongoing underrepresentation of East Germans in key sectors could deter international investors and skilled workers, potentially hindering economic growth and innovation in the region. She emphasizes the need for greater equality in decision-making and calls for East Germans to be represented at all levels of society, including ministries, government agencies, business, academia, the judiciary, culture, and the media.