Mexico’s population surpasses 130 million even as fertility rate falls

Mexico's population has reached 130.9 million, representing a 3.9% increase since the 2020 census, according to the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). The survey, conducted in October and November 2025, revealed that the median age of the population has risen to 32 years old, and the fertility rate has declined to 1.2 in 2024, down from 1.9 in 2019.

In 2025, 51.9% of Mexico's population was female, while 48.1% was male. Only 0.9% of the population was born in a foreign country, with the majority coming from the United States (57.1%), followed by Venezuela, Cuba, and Guatemala. Mexico's population growth has slowed, with an average annual increase of 0.3 percentage points lower than between 2015 and 2020.

The fertility rate decline could lead to a population decline in the coming decades if the rate doesn't increase and immigration doesn't rise significantly. President Claudia Sheinbaum acknowledged the falling fertility and population growth rates, emphasizing that many Mexicans are having children later in life or deciding not to have children at all.