US and Denmark reach Greenland security deal

President Donald Trump announced a new security agreement involving the United States, Denmark, and Greenland as a personal triumph, claiming permanent control over Greenland's security. However, Denmark describes the agreement as preserving the Kingdom of Denmark's sovereignty and territorial integrity, while also upholding Greenlanders' right to self-determination. The political implications of the deal are already evident, as Trump enjoys the spectacle of power and Denmark and Greenland maintain nominal sovereignty.

The agreement rewards months of coercion against an ally, normalizing a sphere-of-influence politics where smaller states are legally sovereign but face pressure to accept strategic subordination. Domestic issues, such as the declining approval ratings of the US president and Republican defections on war-powers votes, make the deal more concerning. Instead of defending open-ended wars, the president can now claim a victory and a strategic gain.

Denmark and Greenland receive some benefits from the deal, such as avoiding annexation, forced sales, and immediate confrontation within NATO. However, they also face the ongoing challenges of maintaining trust in NATO and the credibility of Article 5, which obliges members to come to each other's defense against an attack. The agreement is a result of US threats of territorial acquisition, causing Denmark to enter talks to remove a danger created by their supposed protector.

The 2025 National Security Strategy promises to reassert and enforce the Monroe Doctrine, which prohibits external interference in the Western Hemisphere. This agreement fulfills that promise by controlling who may enter Greenland's defence areas, a pattern previously seen in Denmark's defence agreements with the US. The deal maintains Denmark's sovereignty and welfare state, while allowing the US to decide who may enter the defence areas.

In summary, the Trump administration's agreement with Denmark and Greenland appears to grant the US increased control over Greenland's security, while Denmark and Greenland maintain their nominal sovereignty and strategic autonomy. The deal comes at a time when the US president's approval ratings are low, and the administration faces political challenges abroad and at home.