Teeth whitening explained: What works, what doesn’t and who should avoid it

Teeth whitening is a popular cosmetic procedure that many people undergo to improve the appearance of their teeth. However, not all types of stains respond equally to whitening treatments. According to Dr Jaineel Parekh, an orthodontist at Laxmi Dental Limited, extrinsic stains – those that occur on the surface of teeth due to factors like food, beverages, tobacco use, and aging – are the most responsive to whitening.

Intrinsic stains, which develop within the tooth due to factors such as certain medications, dental trauma, excessive fluoride exposure (fluorosis), or developmental conditions, are much more challenging to address with whitening alone. In such cases, a dentist may recommend cosmetic procedures like veneers or dental bonding for a more effective outcome.

While teeth whitening is generally considered safe when performed under professional supervision or with at-home products used as directed, some individuals may experience short-term tooth sensitivity or mild gum irritation. These side effects typically resolve within a few days. However, overuse of whitening products or unregulated products can increase the risk of sensitivity and negatively impact oral health.

Certain groups should avoid teeth whitening altogether. Pregnant or breastfeeding women, children, people with untreated cavities, gum disease, and those with extensive dental restorations like crowns or veneers should refrain from whitening treatments, as these materials do not whiten like natural teeth.

To maintain the results of teeth whitening, Dr Parekh recommends limiting consumption of tea, coffee, and tobacco, maintaining good oral hygiene, and visiting the dentist regularly. Periodic touch-up treatments may be necessary to sustain the desired appearance. It's also a common misconception that more frequent whitening will yield brighter teeth; however, overuse can lead to increased sensitivity and may not necessarily result in better outcomes.

Lastly, it's important to note that teeth whitening does not change the color of crowns, fillings, or veneers. A professional dental assessment is crucial before beginning any whitening treatment to ensure the best possible results.