‘녹색 에너지’의 역설…태양광 늘수록 조류 다양성 줄었다

A recent study reveals that a global push for solar energy expansion could potentially harm biodiversity, specifically the diversity of bird species. Researchers from China and Vietnam analyzed data from over 2,300 Chinese observation stations and solar energy policies to find that as solar energy incentives grew stronger, so did the decline in bird diversity.

Published in the scientific journal "Science" on May 21, the study found that solar power expansion has had a significant impact in complex non-desert regions and economically prosperous areas, particularly affecting bird species with wide distributions.

The study highlights the "inferior greening" phenomenon, where visually lush green spaces increase due to solar panel installations, but lack the ecological value of diverse plant life. This change in land use may lead to a decline in bird populations that rely on diverse ecosystems. While some argue that solar panel installations can provide shaded habitats for birds, the research suggests potential downsides, such as the destruction of natural landscapes and fragmentation of bird habitats.

Experts emphasize the importance of careful spatial planning and strict ecological protection measures when expanding solar energy installations. A strong recommendation is to strategically centralize large-scale solar panel sites in arid and semi-arid regions, particularly in China's northern desert regions. The findings have significant implications for countries like South Korea, where wind turbines have raised similar concerns about bird migration routes.

Overall, the research underscores the need for a holistic approach to renewable energy planning that balances energy production with the preservation of biological diversity.