Scientists reveal why walking gets so much harder with age

An Australian study led by Flinders University and the University of Canberra explains why walking becomes more challenging as people age. The research indicates that the body prioritizes stability over efficiency during movement, which can lead to quicker fatigue and a higher risk of falls. Utilizing data from 107 healthy adults aged 26 to 86, researchers discovered a small yet significant difference in how ankle and surrounding muscles perform each step.

Dr. Cody Lindsay from Flinders Caring Futures Institute explained that as we age, our bodies favor stability, which aids in maintaining an upright posture but also makes walking more strenuous. Older adults often activate opposing ankle muscles simultaneously, a phenomenon known as co-contraction, making the joint stiffer and enhancing stability upon ground contact.

However, this stiffer joint demands greater muscle effort without contributing to forward movement. Consequently, older participants exhibited shorter strides, slower walking speeds, and less push-off power per step, resulting in decreased mobility and increased fatigue. Associate Professor Maarten Immink, co-author of the study, emphasized that the nervous system adjusts to age-related changes by prioritizing stability over performance, potentially reducing the ability to recover from slips or trips, a crucial factor in falls among older adults.

Dr. Lindsay suggested that exercise programs for older individuals should not only focus on strength-building but also enhance balance and coordination, with attention to muscle coordination during each step. Simple exercises, including regular physical activity, balance exercises like tai chi, lower-leg strengthening, and coordination-challenging activities, can significantly improve mobility and independence in older Australians.