Lanka’s heirloom rice makes a quiet comeback

Sri Lanka's traditional heirloom rice varieties, known as purana haal, are experiencing a resurgence in popularity, according to a recent report by Mongabay. These ancient crops, once commonplace before the 1940s, have been overshadowed by high-yielding rice introduced during the Green Revolution. Today, only about 2,500 of the estimated 20,000 varieties are being conserved at the Plant Genetic Resources Centre (PGRC) in Gannoruwa, with only a small fraction still cultivated by farmers.

Agricultural scientist Jeewani Diddugoda reports that heirloom rice accounts for roughly 1% of Sri Lanka's total paddy production.

While generally taller, longer-duration, and lower-yielding than modern rice, these heirloom varieties possess unique characteristics that could prove invaluable in developing resilient crops. A 2023 study of 20 traditional rice varieties revealed several with anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially aiding in managing non-communicable diseases.

Professor Prashantha Malavi Arachchi of the University of Sri Jayewardenepura notes that heirloom rice is deeply intertwined with Sri Lanka's Ayurvedic and cultural heritage.

The Rice Research and Development Institute has issued guidance to assist farmers in navigating climate-related risks during forthcoming cultivation seasons. These recommendations include maintaining sufficient seed paddy stocks and utilizing short-duration varieties when necessary. Researchers caution that shifting weather patterns may exacerbate pest, disease, and weed issues.

For traditional farmers, however, preserving heirloom rice extends beyond mere agriculture; it is about safeguarding indigenous knowledge, biodiversity, and a farming heritage that spans generations.