Oman introduces jail terms for insulting national anthem under new law

Oman has enacted a new law imposing prison sentences between three months and three years for individuals who deliberately insult the national anthem, building upon existing punishments for defiling the national flag or emblem. The amendments, enacted via Royal Decree No. 99 of 2026 by Sultan Haitham bin Tarik, expand the Law on the State Flag, Emblem and National Anthem, originally established under Royal Decree No. 53/2004.

These changes criminalize insulting the national anthem via speech, writing, gestures, or any act conveying hatred or contempt, as well as distorting the anthem. Additionally, the regulations specify the acceptable materials and colors for manufacturing the national flag, and delegate to the competent authority the responsibility of determining other flag dimensions not previously outlined, as well as the dimensions for flags hung on poles and the permissible locations for flagpole installations.

Furthermore, the amendments enable the national anthem to be performed at designated locations and occasions, subject to approval from the Council of Ministers. Oman also warns against insulting foreign leaders, potentially leading to up to three years in jail, and has taken action against the arrest of 13 Asian nationals in Muscat for engaging in illegal gambling activities.

The country is also strengthening penalties for bribery within the private sector through amendments to the penal code.