'Air-con nation' Singapore eyes alternatives to cool down

Singapore, often dubbed an "air-conditioned nation," is seeking alternative cooling solutions to curb its energy consumption and reduce its carbon footprint. With nearly every private residence equipped with air conditioning units, the city-state accounts for one-fifth of its total emissions, and cooling systems consume 40 to 60 percent of a building's energy.

Active chilled beams, perforated ceiling panels with cooling coils, are one such alternative. These systems circulate cooled water through coils, with air passing over them to create a low-pressure zone that draws in warm air and cools it before recirculation. The Paya Lebar Green building, a green-certified structure, has reported a 30% reduction in energy usage compared to conventional air conditioning.

Passive displacement cooling, which utilizes natural airflow to reduce mechanical fan reliance, is another method being employed. Ceiling cooling coils chill the air, which then naturally rises back to the coils as it warms, reducing the need for fans and noise. Radiant cooling, where chilled water flows through pipes or panels to absorb heat radiating from people or objects, is yet another cooling technique being explored.

The Singapore government has shown support for these alternative cooling technologies, recognizing their potential to save up to 48% in energy. By mid-2026, 33 public and 14 private buildings had adopted these technologies. While initially more expensive to install, alternative cooling solutions offer lower running costs due to significant energy savings. However, the shift towards these alternatives requires a change in mindset, as users become accustomed to the higher temperatures offered by these systems.