How the Zhuhai air show charted China’s path from catching up to flying high

In 1996, the inaugural Zhuhai air show showcased China's limited air capabilities, featuring the second-generation J-8IIM fighter and a few home-made aircraft. Chinese spectators were captivated by the advanced foreign planes, particularly the Russian Su-27 fourth-generation fighters. Three decades later, China has transitioned from being heavily reliant on Russian technology to becoming the only nation, besides the United States, to have flown sixth-generation fighters.

The Zhuhai air show, now officially known as the China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition, has evolved alongside China's military modernization, becoming a major global event. This year’s exhibition marks the 30th anniversary and comes ahead of the People's Liberation Army's centenary, a milestone in the military's modernization.

International participation has doubled since 1996, with nearly 50 countries taking part. The exhibition has grown significantly in scale, from 8,000 square meters in 1996 to 135,000 square meters this year, with over 3,000 pieces of equipment displayed, including 170 aircraft.

The show reflects China's growing aviation confidence, offering advanced systems earlier and displaying both current and future platforms. For instance, China first exhibited its J-10 fourth-generation fighter in 2008, 10 years after its maiden flight, and displayed the J-20 stealth fighter five years after its initial flight in 2011.

Now, China is showcasing not only its most advanced operational aircraft but also platforms still in development. An example is the Jiutian airborne drone mother ship, which debuted at the air show in 2024, a year ahead of its maiden flight. This reflects China's growing confidence in its military technologies.