Microsoft develops AI tool that can diagnose ’sequentially’ like a doctor

Microsoft researchers have developed an AI tool capable of diagnosing patients step by step, mirroring the approach of human doctors. This innovative tool, published in Science, demonstrates superior accuracy compared to general physicians in complex medical cases, achieving over twice the diagnostic precision. The AI employs an "orchestrator" to systematically organize the diagnostic process, deciding which questions to ask, conducting necessary exams, and determining appropriate tests.

Unlike traditional AI models that analyze all patient data simultaneously, this system prioritizes key information, updating hypotheses and plans in real-time. When faced with over 300 unusual medical scenarios, the AI model outperformed human physicians, who typically rely on textbooks and the internet to diagnose patients. This tool also proves cost-effective, reducing diagnostic expenses by optimizing the work-up process.

The researchers, in collaboration with Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, will further evaluate the tool's performance in triaging patients within emergency department waiting rooms.