Mothers and fathers may pass along different kinds of sexism to their kids, new research suggests

A recent study published in the journal Sex Roles has revealed that 8-year-old children's views on women are often reflective of their parents' sexist attitudes. The research indicates that fathers' hostile sexism and mothers' benevolent sexism are the most significant factors influencing their children's beliefs. While both hostile and benevolent sexism are often categorized together, this study emphasizes the distinct roles each parent plays in transmitting these attitudes.

Hostile sexism refers to openly negative feelings towards women, particularly those who challenge male power. Benevolent sexism, on the other hand, is more subtle and involves idealizing women who conform to traditional gender roles, believing them to be delicate and requiring men's protection. Despite its polite appearance, benevolent sexism can contribute to an unequal division of household labor and limit women's career aspirations.

The study involved 175 family groups consisting of a mother, a father, and their 8-year-old child, all living in New Zealand. The children were approximately evenly split between genders, with 51 percent being girls and 49 percent being boys. Parents completed questionnaires to assess their levels of hostile and benevolent sexism, while the researchers used a specially designed activity involving a stuffed toy named Feppy to evaluate the children's attitudes towards gender.

When introduced to Feppy—a visitor from far away—children were asked to rate the accuracy of statements made by the toy, which reflected either hostile or benevolent sexism. The findings showed that children generally considered hostile statements as "sort of wrong" and benevolent statements as "sort of right," with boys and girls providing similar responses.

The analysis revealed distinct patterns linking parents' attitudes to their children's attitudes. Fathers with higher levels of hostile sexism had children who also endorsed these negative beliefs, regardless of the child's gender. This connection held true irrespective of whether the child was a boy or a girl. In contrast, mothers' endorsement of benevolent sexism was associated with their children's agreement with these positive gender attitudes.

One notable finding was that a mother's hostile sexism was linked to her child's views, but only for sons. While the researchers did not provide a definitive explanation, they suggested that mothers with higher levels of hostile sexism might parent their sons differently, such as being more controlling. This could potentially reinforce the notion that men hold authority in the family and demonstrate aggressive behavior towards mothers, which children might interpret as men's entitlement.

The researchers concluded that the beliefs and behaviors children observe at home significantly impact their perspectives on gender roles. These attitudes can shape various aspects of their lives, from career opportunities to romantic relationships in the future. The study highlights that fathers and mothers may play unique roles in transmitting sexist beliefs, with fathers primarily influencing hostile attitudes and mothers shaping benevolent attitudes, particularly for boys.