Dry bulk safety: scrap metal fires, fumigation and enclosed spaces

At the most recent meeting of BIMCO’s Dry Bulk Cargo Network, held on October 8, 2026, three persistent safety issues in dry bulk cargo handling were discussed: fires from contaminated scrap metal cargoes, the shift of fumigation duties from specialists to ships’ crews, and continued fatalities in enclosed spaces. Members emphasized the necessity for clearer cargo information, stronger charter party provisions, and practical safety measures for crews.

Scrap metal safety had been previously debated at the sixth meeting in early 2025, with differing opinions on whether the IMSBC Code’s schedule for scrap cargo adequately covers all types of scrap and the effects of contamination by materials like plastics, tires, and oils. Self-heating and oxidation can escalate fire risks, especially when scrap moves from outdoor storage into cargo holds, where compaction can hinder drainage and ventilation.

Even after acknowledging mitigation strategies, BIMCO still receives inquiries about the phrase “as dry as possible,” surveyors discovering more impurities than declared, and the implications of lithium batteries, which may introduce dangerous goods considerations per Class 9 of the IMDG Code.

Members questioned if amendments are needed to better address the hazards associated with scrap cargoes. Some suggested that the schedule is clear but problematic at scrap yards and among shippers. Issues include confusion over different types of scrap and their classification, as well as a general lack of understanding of the associated hazards.

Authorities were urged to publish reports on fires related to scrap metal carriage. While members noted a reported increase in such fires, the absence of formal investigation reports hinders the industry’s ability to pinpoint causes and implement effective solutions.

Concerns were raised about shifting operational responsibility for fumigation activities from specialists to ship crews, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic when travel restrictions limited specialist contractors’ ability to board vessels. The Thorco Angela incident serves as an example, where investigators concluded that the crew, not trained to handle fumigants, likely performed the task due to COVID-related restrictions.

Other accidents and fatalities during the pandemic were also documented, initially mistaken for COVID-19 symptoms.

During the meeting, network members were asked to assess whether responsibility for fumigation has shifted from specialists to ship crews since the pandemic. Those able to respond confirmed the trend, indicating no flag State currently permits such crew involvement. Future discussions will focus on enclosed spaces, covering topics such as gas detection, interpretation of results, and best practices for training and drills.

Despite increased awareness, accident and fatality statistics related to enclosed spaces have not shown improvement.