A gang rape allegation at Cornell highlights how Title IX guides campus sex assault cases

Cornell University's handling of a gang rape allegation at a fraternity house has raised questions about how federal Title IX law governs colleges' response to sexual assault cases. Jane Doe, an unnamed accuser, filed a lawsuit against Cornell and seven fraternity members, alleging she was raped after being drugged, smoked marijuana and drank alcohol at the Chi Phi fraternity house in October 2024. The accused men deny her allegations.

Title IX, which prohibits sexual discrimination in education, has been used to address campus sexual assault cases since 2011, when new guidelines were issued under President Obama's administration. These guidelines clarified that Title IX also protects individuals who claim to have been sexually assaulted or harassed. Title IX proceedings can occur simultaneously with criminal court proceedings, with potential consequences including expulsion. However, serious consequences are rare in either system.

In Jane Doe's case, the county district attorney in upstate New York decided not to prosecute, despite her ongoing belief that the investigation was still active. Her attorney claims she was misled. Title IX investigations often involve interviews of witnesses and the accused, with the accused typically hiring attorneys. Consequences for the accused can range from suspensions to expulsions, and may be noted on transcripts, potentially affecting future academic or professional opportunities.