Google defends $15 billion Vizag AI hub as water fears, land disputes and protests put project under scrutiny

Google defended its $15 billion AI data center project in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, citing advanced air-cooling technology as a solution to water scarcity concerns in the region. The $15 billion investment, part of Google's planned $15 billion expenditure in India from 2026 to 2030, has faced scrutiny over water availability, land acquisition, ecological risks, and job creation.

Alexander Smith, Google's head of infrastructure and energy for Asia-Pacific, stated that the company evaluated the local watershed before choosing air-cooling technology due to pressure on local water resources. Google conducts environmental assessments before starting a project, examining factors such as power supply, grid stability, water risks, ecology, and noise.

Despite Google's assurances, local opposition persists, with residents fearing the data center could strain electricity supplies, harm ecosystems, and exacerbate water shortages. The company pledged to replenish 120% of freshwater used for non-cooling needs by 2030 and invest in additional clean-energy projects. However, environmental campaigners have filed petitions challenging Google's environmental clearances, alleging inadequate assessments.

Land acquisition has also been contentious, with villagers alleging forced acquisition and lack of promised benefits. Google estimates the project will generate $688 million in local economic activity annually, while the Andhra Pradesh government projects 188,000 direct and indirect jobs. Critics argue for more labor-intensive industries to meet employment needs.

The project's impact on local communities remains a contentious issue as India expands its data center capacity to meet increasing demand for AI computing.