Belief in supernatural evil is linked to blaming the system for poverty

Research published in the Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion indicates a connection between supernatural beliefs and attitudes towards poverty. South Korean adults surveyed in August 2024 were asked about their relationships with God and their beliefs in supernatural evil. The study, led by sociologists Jong Hyun Jung, Muhan Chen, and Harris Hyun-soo Kim, aimed to explore how these theological ideas intersect with political ideology to shape public views on social inequality.

Two main categories of explanations for poverty were identified: individualistic and structuralist. Individualistic beliefs attribute poverty to personal shortcomings, while structuralist beliefs place the blame on broader economic and social systems. The survey found that neither belief in a supportive deity nor belief in supernatural evil was associated with individualistic explanations for poverty.

However, the results reveal a distinct pattern for structuralist explanations. Belief in divine support was negatively associated with blaming systemic and economic issues, while belief in supernatural evil was positively associated with these views. This suggests that those who believe in a supportive deity are more likely to view poverty as a result of personal failings, whereas those who believe in supernatural evil are more likely to attribute poverty to societal and economic systems.

The study suggests that religious involvement, particularly the charitable aspects of believing in a supportive deity, may foster compassion and reduce the likelihood of blaming individuals for poverty. Conversely, a belief in supernatural evil may lead to a spiritual warfare worldview, where oppressive social structures and systemic issues are seen as manifestations of external, corrupt forces.

This research provides valuable insights into how specific theological ideas intersect with political ideology to shape public views on social inequality.