India probes Niger soybean imports over suspected Nigerian origin

India is probing an uptick in soybean imports categorized as coming from Niger, with concerns that certain shipments might actually be originating from Nigeria and misidentified to sidestep import fees. Customs officials are probing the deliveries after notices were distributed to importers and documents reviewed by Reuters. The probe comes as India's soybean imports skyrocketed to a record high in the first seven months of 2026, while imports labeled as from Niger surged dramatically, despite the country contributing only a minuscule share of the global soybean output.

India imported 909,606 metric tonnes of soybeans in the first seven months of 2026, compared to 1,996 tonnes during the same period last year, according to Ministry of Commerce and Industry figures. Shipments claiming to be from Niger accounted for 380,868 tonnes, up from none a year earlier. Niger has emerged as India's biggest declared soybean supplier during this period, despite producing less than 100 tonnes annually, according to insiders within Africa's soybean milling sector.

Nigeria, on the other hand, leads Africa in soybean production and export, though it ranks low globally. India allows duty-free imports from least-developed nations, including Niger. Should the cargoes be found mislabeled, importers would have to pay the entire 45% import tariff, according to sources aware of the inquiry. The sudden rise in imports has also spotlighted India's dependence on foreign soybean supplies after domestic output suffered due to dry conditions following last year's floods.

Indian customs initially cleared the shipments after importers submitted required documents, including certificates of origin and phytosanitary certificates issued by Niger. Customs is now requesting importers to provide additional proof that the shipments meet the criteria for preferential treatment. Two government sources and two industry insiders said importers are being asked to verify the soybeans' origin.

Some importers said they lacked some of the requested information and have turned to their overseas suppliers for additional documentation. Importers started receiving the notices late last month and have since halted purchases of soybeans categorized as from Niger, according to a Dubai-based exporter. The investigation may also present an opportunity for other West African producers, such as Togo and Benin, to boost soybean exports to India through official channels.

Nigeria has been aiming to expand soybean production as part of broader efforts to enhance agricultural output and generate more value from the sector. Despite Nigeria's leading position in soybean production and export in Africa, its production capacity may become relevant to international buyers seeking supplies from the region.

India's investigation could heighten scrutiny of the origin documentation attached to soybean shipments from West Africa.