Unfrozen Glacial Lakes in Pakistan Rises in Less Than Two Months

In just two months, the number of unfrozen glacial lakes in Pakistan has increased from 40 to 105, according to satellite imagery analyzed by the national space agency, the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (Suparco). This assessment, conducted between July and August, reveals that persistent summer temperatures are fueling the rapid melting of glacial ice.

Suparco notes that some of these lakes have expanded beyond their previously recorded maximum extents. The agency warns that as glacial lakes grow beyond their historical maximum water extent, they become more hazardous, potentially leading to catastrophic glacial lake outburst floods (GloFs). Suparco emphasizes the importance of continuous satellite monitoring throughout the melt season to detect rapid expansion or other warning signs, enabling early alerts and disaster risk management.

Dr. Karamat Ali, a glaciologist, stresses the need for field studies, better coordination, and detailed research on glacier morphology, microclimates, and seasonal mass accumulation, as satellite monitoring alone is insufficient. Pakistan, with over 13,000 glaciers according to a 2024 inventory, faces a serious concern regarding glacial melt and the associated risks.

Suparco is actively monitoring potentially dangerous glacial lakes and sharing findings with stakeholders, including the Ministry of Climate Change's technical committee on GloF monitoring. The Ministry's spokesperson, Mohammad Saleem Shaikh, acknowledges that rising temperatures across the Hindu Kush-Karakoram-Himalaya region are intensifying glacier melt, heightening the risk of GloFs and other climate-related hazards.

He stresses that a science-driven, technology-enabled response is crucial to safeguard lives and livelihoods in downstream communities, infrastructure, and farmland.