Toward Digital-Twin-Enabled Bioprocess Monitoring: Fault-Inclusive Soft Sensing of Penicillin Concentration Under Process Deviations

Data-driven soft sensors can estimate fermentation product concentrations from routinely recorded process variables, but strong performance during normal operation does not establish reliability during process deviations. This study evaluated current-time penicillin-concentration estimation using 100 simulated IndPenSim batches comprising 90 normal-operation batches and ten documented deviation…

biorxiv.org ·22h ago

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