Nuclear power is back on Southeast Asia's energy agenda
Rising electricity demand, shocks in energy security and climate commitments are reviving long-stalled plans for nuclear power across Southeast Asia. But proponents of nuclear energy still face formidable obstacles.
Southeast Asian governments are re-evaluating nuclear power as electricity demand grows, revealing the region's reliance on fossil fuels. No Southeast Asian country currently operates a commercial nuclear power plant; however, several nations are now focusing on nuclear energy and reviving stalled plans. Vietnam and South Korea recently agreed to strengthen cooperation on the Ninh Thuan 2 nuclear plant.
Singapore is exploring nuclear power, including small modular reactors (SMRs), though it has not made a decision. Vietnam aims to operate its two Ninh Thuan plants by 2035 and pursue at least one SMR project. Indonesia plans 500 megawatts of nuclear capacity by 2032, while the Philippines targets 1,200 megawatts from the same year.
Thailand's latest draft power plan proposes its first SMR in 2037. Malaysia and Singapore remain in the study stage. This renewed interest contrasts sharply with the caution following Japan's Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011. However, recent geopolitical shocks, such as the war in Ukraine and the Middle East crisis, have heightened energy-security concerns, prompting a shift in the energy debate.
Nuclear energy is seen as a viable solution to address both climate and energy-security challenges. Small modular reactors (SMRs) have broadened the range of possible projects, making nuclear energy compatible with smaller grids, countries, and incremental investments. However, challenges remain, including high costs, the need for robust regulatory frameworks, and the unique demands of Southeast Asia's geography.
Public support varies, with more than 70% of respondents in the Philippines expressing support for nuclear energy, while 78% of Indonesians view it as their least-preferred energy source. Political will is crucial for the adoption of nuclear energy, as public perception significantly influences its success.
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