Knowledge Nugget | India now exporter of Hilsa (ilish): What is it and why it matters

In a surprising turn of events, India is now exporting Hilsa fish to Bangladesh, marking a significant shift in the import-export dynamics of this prized delicacy. Hilsa, also known as Ilish in Bengali, holds immense cultural and culinary significance for the people of West Bengal and Bangladesh.

This anadromous fish, which migrates from the ocean to rivers for breeding, is found predominantly in the Hooghly-Bhagirathi river system and the Bay of Bengal. Hilsa undergoes a two-fold migration each year - from mid-February to April and from September to October.

Traditionally, Hilsa has been a staple on Bengal's dining tables, earning the title of the state fish of West Bengal. Its popularity is so deep-rooted that the fish is even gifted during weddings and festivals as a symbol of love and prosperity. However, the export of Hilsa to Bangladesh marks a first in recent times.

According to fish traders and exporters, around 500 tonnes of Hilsa have been shipped to Bangladesh through the Petrapole land port on the international border in West Bengal over the past two months. Traders anticipate an additional 150 to 200 tonnes of Hilsa to be exported in the coming weeks.

The first-ever Hilsa export to Bangladesh has been driven by the decision of the Bangladesh government to pause Hilsa exports to India. While traditionally, Hilsa was imported into India from Bangladesh during the Durga Puja festive season, the current situation has seen a reversal in the trade flow.

The development is seen as a strong market signal, presenting an opportunity for West Bengal to build a science-based, value-added Hilsa economy through better stock management, processing, and market linkages. This shift in trade patterns is believed to be influenced by sustained diplomatic efforts, with the Fish Importers Association of Bengal visiting Dhaka and urging the import ban to be lifted.