Bukit Merah’s orangutans could become a lifeline for the species

Orked, a young orangutan at Bukit Merah Orang Utan Island in Perak, carries no concept of extinction. She is one of 15 orangutans living on the island, as conservationists work towards a long-term goal of creating a diverse population capable of safeguarding the species. The foundation aims to maintain around 50 orangutans on the island, a number they believe could provide hope for rebuilding populations if a severe collapse were to occur in the wild.

However, the island's population is not yet at this target, and it may take 15 to 20 years to reach it. Currently, the island's 50 orangutans range in age, from newborns like Orked to older individuals such as BJ, 40, and Ah Ling, 32.

The island's existing space of 2 hectares is nearing capacity, but another 2 hectares could support a larger population. However, maintaining this population requires careful management, as the island already has a higher ratio of males, with eight males out of 15 residents. Managing dominance and territorial behavior among male orangutans is crucial, as seen in a serious confrontation between two males.

Genetics also play a role, with the island needing to avoid becoming too genetically similar over time. To widen the gene pool, the foundation is exploring exchanges and breeding arrangements with other organizations that care for orangutans.

Understanding orangutan behavior is also a benefit of maintaining a larger population. In the wild, observing orangutans can be challenging, as they are often difficult to locate. A managed population provides more consistent opportunities for researchers to study social behavior, interactions, and development over time. The island also offers a refuge for orangutans, as well as a place where knowledge about the species can grow alongside the animals themselves.

Moreover, the 17 people who care for the orangutans face substantial responsibility, relying on a diesel generator for power and planning a move towards solar energy to ease some of the burden.