ADHD is linked to almost 50% increase in gut problems
People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are significantly more likely to experience a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, according to a new systematic review covering more than 1.9 million people.
A review of over 9,000 records has found a strong link between ADHD and a wide range of gastrointestinal symptoms, with the odds of experiencing such problems almost 50% higher in those with ADHD. Co-lead author Sarah Blake, a medical student, noted that these symptoms can significantly impact daily life, often being overlooked due to the focus on ADHD.
The research identified a nearly double increase in constipation and more than four times higher odds of encopresis, or loss of bowel control, among individuals with ADHD. While the study does not definitively prove ADHD causes these issues, several factors may contribute. Emotional dysregulation, irregular eating patterns, and food sensitivities could affect gut sensitivity and lead to abdominal pain, bloating, and constipation.
Differences in interoception, or the ability to sense internal bodily signals, may also play a role. Certain medications, such as stimulants used to treat ADHD, can cause gastrointestinal side effects like abdominal pain, nausea, and constipation. Sleep disturbances, common in ADHD, may also impact gastrointestinal motility and sensitivity.
The gut microbiome may also be involved, with previous studies showing differences in gut microbial composition between adults with ADHD and neurotypical individuals. Further research is needed to determine if ADHD causes these gastrointestinal problems or if other factors are at play.
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