The brain's blood vessels may hold a key to Alzheimer's—and protection from it
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most feared diagnoses among older adults, particularly for those who know they carry a high-risk gene that magnifies their odds. But even many people with this gene—APOE ε4—dodge the disease and stay mentally sharp into their 80s.
A University of Alberta neuroscientist and her team have discovered that biodegradable, drug-delivery nanoparticles called polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) can reduce Alzheimer's disease symptoms and improve memory in mice. These nanoparticles, which are already approved for drug delivery in humans, have a long-standing safety record and can be modified to target specific organs or parts of the body.
The researchers found that PLGA nanoparticles prevented the overproduction and buildup of beta-amyloid peptides, which form plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. The treatment also led to improvements in cognitive and memory functions of the mice.
While the exact reasons behind the nanoparticles' effectiveness are still unclear, the researchers note that PLGA molecules have an impact on multiple disease-causing factors. They are now working on understanding how these nanoparticles cross the blood-brain barrier and increasing their half-life to maintain their effectiveness longer.
The study's findings could potentially lead to new, non-additive treatments for Alzheimer's disease. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind the nanoparticles' effects and to ensure their safety and durability.
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