Nigeria: The Silent Return - How Diphtheria Killed 39 Children in Zamfara and Unicef, Health Ministry's Dash for Urgent Vaccination

A diphtheria outbreak in Zamfara State has claimed the lives of 39 children, leaving many families in shock. The Infectious Disease Centre in Damba is quietly treating affected patients, as mothers anxiously watch over their sick children. Health workers say the majority of the affected children are between six and ten months old, many of whom came in too late for treatment.

Diphtheria, caused by the Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacterium, initially presents as fever, runny nose, sore throat, cough, and red eyes. However, it can quickly progress to swelling in the neck and difficulty breathing, ultimately leading to death if left untreated. The Zamfara State Ministry of Health has mobilized a rapid response team to identify new cases, provide emergency treatment, and prevent further spread.

Health officials are emphasizing the need for intensified efforts, including more vaccines, health workers, and community sensitization, as most of the 261 suspected cases had not received routine childhood immunizations. UNICEF reports that only 22% of confirmed diphtheria cases in Nigeria had received routine childhood immunizations, with 68% of cases involving unvaccinated individuals.

The outbreak is particularly severe in Zamfara, accounting for 191 of the 261 suspected cases in the state. Health officials urge parents to bring their children for vaccination, as the diphtheria vaccine is provided free at primary healthcare centers.