AI는 돌봄을 대신해도 되는가 [세상읽기]

Concerns have surfaced regarding the potential replacement of caregiving with artificial intelligence (AI) in the era of rapid technological advancements. Supporters of AI argue that it can assist with difficult nursing tasks and even provide emotional support for patients. However, critics express worries about the potential loss of human touch and emotional connection in caregiving.

Regardless of whether these concerns are viewed as hopeful or apprehensive, they are based on the assumption that AI will inevitably take over caregiving tasks. Currently, AI technology is already integrated into daily life, with examples such as AI interpreting X-ray images for doctors and software capable of drafting preliminary report summaries.

Similarly, in care settings, a robot for assisting immobile patients with bowel movements and a social companion robot named 'Efful' that communicates with lonely seniors are being implemented nationwide. In Japan, a robot that predicts bathroom breaks and helps with undressing is being used in care facilities. Globally, China recently unveiled a home robot priced at 2 million yuan, capable of not only household chores but also emotional connection.

Thus, the scope of AI's impact on caregiving continues to expand. However, the question of whether technology can replace caregiving is not the main focus of this piece. Rather, it delves into whether it is appropriate to replace caregiving with technology. Throughout history, Western philosophy has considered reason as the defining characteristic of humans.

Thinking, decision-making, and logical reasoning were deemed essential qualities that distinguish humans from other beings. But now, machines are stepping into that role, challenging the notion that reason alone defines humanity. As this core aspect of humanness becomes increasingly reliant on machines, it raises the question of what truly makes humans uniquely human.

Given our inherent vulnerability and dependence on others for survival, caregiving can be seen as a fundamental characteristic of being human and the most authentic human act. The philosopher Virginia Held referred to caregiving as "the most fundamental value" in human existence, while sociologist Catherine Linklater characterized caregiving as "the relationship most prioritized emotionally."

These perspectives underscore the inherent limitations of finite human existence. While AI may lack the limitations of humanity, humans, with their finite bodies, cannot be replicated by machines. Even if technology can mimic some aspects, it cannot replace the unique role of caregiving. Therefore, it is crucial for the state and society to protect and uphold this human value and recognize its significance.

This is why it is essential to preserve caregiving as an essential human responsibility, regardless of the extent to which technology can substitute for it.