This Deadly Shellfish Poisoning Has No Antidote. A Protein Found in American Bullfrogs Could Change That
A study in mice found that a protein called saxiphilin acts like a sponge against a deadly toxin produced by algal blooms. The harmful agent, which accumulates in certain seafood, can cause a life-threatening illness called paralytic shellfish poisoning
Each summer, the warm weather and sunlight cause algae to grow excessively in ocean waters. This can form harmful "red tide" algal blooms that release saxitoxin, a toxic substance that disrupts animals' nervous systems. When consumed by shellfish, it can lead to paralytic shellfish poisoning in humans. Saxitoxin is so potent that the U.S. once stored it during the Cold War, and it is recognized as a chemical weapon under international law.
Also, no antidote exists for it. However, a protein called saxiphilin found in American bullfrogs might change this. A study in the journal Nature Communications shows that saxiphilin can neutralize saxitoxin in mice. This protein acts like a "molecular sponge," binding to and transporting the toxin out of the body via the kidneys, liver, heart, and brain.
In mice studies, providing saxiphilin before or during a lethal dose of saxitoxin prevented 90% of the mice from succumbing to the toxin's effects. While this offers hope for a potential antidote, more research is needed to ensure it's safe for human use and effective against various types of saxitoxin.
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