Predation of small nocturnal primates (Microcebus) on Madagascar; insights into predator preferences in Andohahela National Park

Predation is a key factor influencing lemur behavior and population in Madagascar, yet observing such events directly is uncommon, particularly for small nocturnal species. A recent study documents predation on mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in Andohahela National Park, southeastern Madagascar, utilizing radio telemetry and owl pellet analyses.

Two radio-collared lemurs were confirmed prey for endemic snakes, Ithycyphus oursi and Madagascarophis meridionalis, marking the first records of Microcebus predation by these species. Analysis of owl pellets from three locations and three owl species showed a single predation event by Asio madagascariensis, possibly involving M. tanosi, with no evidence of predation by Tyto alba despite ample prey availability.

Additionally, a single predation record, likely by Athene superciliaris, was identified. While owl pellet remains primarily comprised of invertebrates, this suggests that primate predation is likely opportunistic. These findings broaden the known predator community of mouse lemurs and suggest that snake predation may be underreported, potentially impacting mouse lemur mortality and population dynamics.

The study highlights the value of integrating behavioral observations with dietary evidence to uncover hidden predation events and refine predator-prey relationships in nocturnal primates.