How the Houthis have become the most fearsome of Iran’s allies

Since 2014, the Houthis, backed by Iran, have controlled much of Yemen's north-west, including the capital Sana'a and the west coast. Their audacious confidence stems from their strong position and resilience. Despite targeted strikes, including Israeli attacks that killed most of their civilian government, the Houthis have managed to recover and continue their attacks.

The group has access to advanced drones that cannot be easily jammed, allowing them to target government troops effectively. They also have resilient supply networks, enabling them to quickly rebuild their capabilities after being damaged. The Houthis import much of their arsenal from Iran, but they have also been able to build much of their weapons from small components smuggled through neighboring countries or hidden in dhows from the Horn of Africa.

Geographically, the Houthis have a significant advantage with the highlands they control, which are relatively easy to defend, especially with their extensive use of landmines. They have also seized caves and bunkers that were previously held by government forces. This geographic positioning gives them a strategic edge in the conflict.

The Houthis' partnership with Iran has further strengthened their position. They are known for their bold actions, such as their near-capture of oil wells in Marib in 2022 and their disruptive attacks on Saudi-linked ships, ports, airports, and refineries in the Red Sea. Their attacks have two main goals: blackmailing the Saudi kingdom into paying Yemeni civil servants and lifting restrictions on flights and shipping, and seizing the initiative to prevent the Saudis and their allies from launching an offensive.

The Yemeni government, led mostly by officials from Saudi Arabia, has been responding to the Houthis' aggression with increased military efforts. The government has disbanded the Southern Transitional Council, a secessionist group backed by the UAE, and has mobilized its troops more effectively. However, the government's efforts have had limited success in deterring the Houthis.

Despite the challenges, the anti-Houthi forces are showing a united front, and there are hopes that the rebels' authority might be weakening, particularly in the Houthi-controlled region of Jawf. However, defeating the Houthis would be a difficult task, as they have already shown resilience and adaptability in the face of significant challenges.