India’s gig economy is leaving its women behind

India's gig economy, comprising food delivery and ride-hailing apps, has generated millions of jobs. However, a new study reveals that women are largely absent from this digital workforce, despite their near parity with men in accessing basic bank accounts. Conducted by the International Labour Organization and the National Council of Applied Economic Research, the report highlights that digital skill gaps, mobility issues, safety concerns, and social norms are preventing women's participation in gig work.

India's female labor-force participation rate stands at 32% in 2025, compared to 78% for men, according to International Labour Organization estimates. Raising women's participation to 50% could add one percentage point to India's annual economic growth, potentially bringing the nation closer to its goal of becoming a developed economy by 2047.

The gig economy is projected to nearly double in size, contributing 2.35 trillion rupees ($24.5 billion) to India's annual economic output by 2029-30. The researchers emphasize that addressing this gender disparity is crucial for women's long-term empowerment and inclusive growth in India. A 2025 government study indicates that only 56.2% of Indian women aged 15 and above own a mobile phone, and just 37% can perform online banking transactions.

These limitations hinder their ability to access gig work and other digital income opportunities. While India's gender gap in digital banking is narrower than in other countries, disparities remain significant. In 2024, 32% of Indian men had a digital banking account, compared to just 14% of women. The researchers argue that gig work could help women gain better access to finance, as their digital earnings records can serve as proof of income when applying for loans, even without collateral. This financial inclusion could also facilitate access to insurance, savings, and pensions.