Fight, flight or freeze: Would you step in when danger strikes?

In Singapore, a man recently intervened when he witnessed a knife-wielding attacker. The incident occurred outside Clementi Mall when Osman Sidin heard cries for help. With experience in silat, traditional martial arts from Southeast Asia, Mr Osman tackled the assailant, pinning him down. His actions prompt an investigation into human responses to danger: should one intervene, flee, or call for help?

While it's easy to imagine reactions in such scenarios, real-life responses can be unpredictable, according to psychologists. When confronted with immediate danger, people often experience a fight, flight, or freeze response. Clinical psychologist Dr Annabelle Chow explains that during stress, the brain must make numerous decisions, and fear can significantly impact physical responses.

Some individuals freeze, while others flee or, in rare cases, approach danger—factors such as weapon involvement and personal skill levels influence reactions. Osman's experience highlights the importance of self-compassion, as our brains react based on stress levels. While preparing for emergencies can improve response effectiveness, knowing when to act is equally crucial.

Physical intervention may halt a threat, as in Osman's case, but it also poses risks to the intervenor and others. The recommended "run, hide, and tell" strategy suggests that bystanders should prioritize safety while assisting others once the immediate threat has passed.