Swollen feet during pregnancy: Why it happens and how to ease the discomfort

Swelling in the feet during pregnancy is a common concern, particularly in the later stages. According to Maryland-based anesthesiologist Dr Kunal Sood, this occurs due to fluid accumulation in the lower limbs as the body holds more blood and fluids to support pregnancy. The process involves hormonal changes that relax blood vessels, while the growing uterus slows blood return from the legs, causing fluid to pool, especially by the end of the day.

To alleviate this swelling, Dr Sood recommends practical measures such as elevating legs when resting, wearing compression socks, engaging in gentle walking to improve circulation, staying well-hydrated, limiting salt and processed foods, and wearing supportive footwear. Dr Gaana Sreenivas, an obstetrician and gynecologist, explains that this swelling, medically known as oedema, is very common during pregnancy, particularly in the second and third trimesters.

As pregnancy progresses, increased blood volume and fluid accumulation can lead to this swelling. The enlarging uterus also places pressure on veins in the pelvis and the inferior vena cava, which can slow circulation and cause fluid to pool.

While mild swelling is generally considered normal, especially later in pregnancy or after prolonged standing, sudden or severe swelling should be evaluated. If swelling occurs in the face, hands, or around the eyes, or is accompanied by severe headaches, blurred vision, upper abdominal pain, or high blood pressure, it could indicate preeclampsia, a serious condition requiring immediate medical attention.

Swelling in only one leg, especially if painful, red, or warm, may also signal a blood clot and should be promptly assessed. Pregnant women should consult their healthcare provider for any unusual or rapidly worsening swelling.