Russia Is Betting on the MC-21 to Reverse Its Aviation Decline. It’s No Silver Bullet.

In July, then-President Vladimir Putin inspected Russia's MC-21 passenger jet at the Irkutsk Aviation Plant, marking the first time he had boarded a new aircraft from the country. However, the plane he examined bore little resemblance to the original vision. The MC-21, developed by United Aircraft Corporation, has faced significant delays and redesigns due to Western sanctions following Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

These sanctions forced the manufacturer to replace foreign components with Russian alternatives, making the aircraft heavier and more expensive. While industry insiders maintain that safety remains a concern, they warn that the MC-21's production is unlikely to reverse the decline in Russia's aviation fleet. The manufacturer has set an ambitious target of producing four planes by the end of 2026, but industry experts doubt this will be enough to revive the sector.

The MC-21, which aims to replace aging Airbus and Boeing aircraft, is currently six metric tons heavier due to the use of domestic components. Putin reportedly requested a longer-range version, but progress remains slow. The project's cost has nearly doubled, with each plane now estimated at $67 million. Despite these challenges, Russia still operates a substantial fleet of foreign-owned aircraft, many of which have been grounded due to engine issues.

The industry faces numerous difficulties, including a shortage of skilled workers and economic pressures exacerbated by the war. Some insiders suggest the MC-21 may be produced primarily for show, rather than for widespread use.