Doctor reveals kidney disease symptoms that have nothing to do with your kidneys

Kidney disease often progresses silently, without clear symptoms, until it reaches an advanced stage, according to Dr. Vishal Saxena, Vice-Chairman of Nephrology & Renal Transplant at Max Hospital Gurugram. Early symptoms may appear unrelated to the kidneys, leading individuals to attribute symptoms like fatigue to work stress or puffy eyes to a poor night's sleep.

The World Health Organization reports that noncommunicable diseases, including kidney disease, contribute to over 40 million deaths annually. Recognizing kidney disease as a significant global health issue, the World Health Assembly passed a resolution in May 2025 to reduce the burden of noncommunicable diseases through kidney health.

Two crucial tests can identify kidney issues before damage occurs. The first is measuring serum creatinine and estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which assesses how effectively the kidneys filter waste. A low eGFR indicates inadequate kidney function. The second test is the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), which detects albumin—a protein that leaks into urine when the kidney's filtering mechanism is injured.

Elevated albumin levels in urine can signal the onset of chronic kidney disease, even when eGFR appears normal.

Blood pressure is another vital indicator. High blood pressure can harm kidney function, and tracking blood pressure alongside kidney tests is essential. For those with diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, or a family history of kidney problems, regular screening is recommended.

While many kidney disease symptoms may seem unrelated to the kidneys, such as swelling in the legs, fatigue, changes in urination, and persistent high blood pressure, these signs should prompt a conversation with a healthcare professional. Early detection through affordable tests and lifestyle modifications can prevent the progression of kidney disease.