Genome-resolved and kinetic evidence for low-DO comammox-anammox synergy and acetate-stimulated nitrate reduction in IFAS biofilms.
Mainstream anammox implementation for nitrogen removal is constrained by unstable nitrite supply and organic carbon requirements for nitrate byproduct removal. This study evaluated integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) biofilms to enhance anammox activity by coupling low-oxygen ammonium oxidation with volatile fatty acid (VFA)-driven nitrate reduction. Nanopore long-read metagenomic…
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