Cook Islands votes in election shaped by China, deep-sea mining

The Cook Islands commenced voting on Thursday in a general election that will assess the nation's receptiveness to deep-sea mining and amplified engagements with China. The incumbent Prime Minister, Mark Brown, left a lasting impression on New Zealand, one of his closest partners, in 2025 by finalizing numerous deals for regional cooperation and strengthened economic ties with the People's Republic of China.

Brown has championed the investigation of the Cook Islands' outer reaches for potential deep-sea mining, an emerging sector that has divided public opinion within the nation. His most probable rival, former Deputy Prime Minister Teariki Heather, has vehemently opposed Brown's approach to China and has pledged to hold a national referendum on deep-sea mining should he emerge victorious.

While the Cook Islands does not routinely conduct opinion polls, local media are projecting a close election that may culminate in a coalition government. The self-governing territory, home to approximately 17,000 residents, maintains a "free association" relationship with its previous colonial overseer, New Zealand, which provides financial aid as well as assistance with foreign affairs and defense.

In February 2025, Brown incensed Wellington when he authorized a series of agreements with China spanning from seabed mineral research to regional cooperation. New Zealand responded with a temporary suspension of millions of dollars in aid, citing a "lack of consultation" and accusing Brown of "control."

Despite the cooling relations, Brown and New Zealand have since reconciled, signing a defense and security pact earlier this year. However, Brown's dealings with China persist as a contentious issue. Under his leadership, the Cook Islands has garnered worldwide attention as a potential pioneer in the quest to explore the ocean floor for deep-sea mining opportunities.

Significant portions of the seabed surrounding the Cook Islands are strewn with polymetallic nodules laden with cobalt, nickel, manganese, and other desired metals. While some Cook Islanders view deep-sea mining as a much-needed source of employment and investment, others harbor apprehensions about the potential irreversible harm it could inflict on the ocean.

Heather, Brown's political adversary, has expressed reservations about the industry but has vowed to heed the final verdict of the Cook Islanders through a national referendum should he secure the election. Preliminary outcomes are anticipated later on Thursday (local time, Wednesday).