New species of mountain horned dragon identified in Thailand's high-altitude forests

Scientists have discovered a new species of lizard in the high mountain forests of western Thailand, naming it Acanthosaura syrax after a dragon from the House of the Dragon series. This mountain horned dragon resides exclusively in the evergreen forests of Mae Wong National Park, situated at elevations above 1,300 meters where it is the sole inhabitant.

The research team, led by Poramad Trivalairat from Chulabhorn Royal Academy and Kasetsart University, chose the name Syrax due to the dragon's striking yellow coloring, small size, and large number of eggs, all of which were observed in the new species. A. syrax is the smallest member of its genus, lays unusually large clutches of eggs, and has the smallest neck and back crest scales recorded in the group.

It also lacks a black patch around the eye seen in related species and has a distinctive dark collar marking. DNA analysis confirmed its genetic distinctiveness from its closest relative and all other known species in the group. The new lizard is confined to a narrow band of high-altitude forests, and its populations are isolated by the rugged terrain, making it vulnerable to habitat disturbance.

Conservation efforts are called for to protect Mae Wong's high-elevation forests and the rare wildlife that call it home.