Chandipura virus: What is it, how does it spread, symptoms and ways to prevent infection

A fresh outbreak of Chandipura virus-linked acute encephalitis has raised concerns in Gujarat and Rajasthan, especially as children are most affected and the illness can rapidly worsen. Gujarat health authorities confirmed 35 cases among 184 suspected patients, with 22 children below 15 years dying. Rajasthan reported three confirmed cases in border districts of Dungarpur and Sirohi.

The virus, first identified in Chandipura village, Maharashtra in 1965, can cause acute encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain. Outbreaks have occurred during monsoon and post-monsoon periods in various Indian states.

Chandipura virus belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family, similar to rabies but not the same disease. It primarily spreads through infected sandfly bites, with mosquito species potentially playing a role too. The virus has emerged as a public health issue due to its rapid progression, particularly in children. WHO reports outbreaks in western, central, and southern India.

Sandflies breed in mud walls, damp areas, and poorly maintained locations, making rural and semi-urban areas vulnerable, especially during the rainy season. The virus has mostly affected children aged 9 months to 14 years, possibly due to limited prior exposure and lack of immunity. Symptoms often begin abruptly with fever, severe headache, vomiting, extreme fatigue, and unusual sleepiness. Advanced stages may lead to confusion, seizures, or coma, sometimes causing death within hours or days.

The disease lacks a specific vaccine or treatment, so management focuses on supportive care and addressing complications. Quick recognition of symptoms and prompt medical attention for children is crucial.