Obesity rates have doubled in England since 1993 - what's going on?

Obesity rates have more than doubled in England since 1993, with an estimated 14 million adults affected. Despite multiple government strategies over three decades, the trend shows no signs of slowing down. Analysis by the King's Fund reveals that obesity rates have surged, particularly among young adults aged 16 to 24. The study found that 18% of this age group were obese or severely obese in 2024, up from just 6% in 1993.

Populations across England are bearing the brunt of this growing issue, with 1 million young adults now living with obesity - 700,000 more than if rates had remained the same. Public health experts are alarmed by the lack of progress. Dave Buck, senior fellow for public health at the King's Fund, laments that governments have talked about addressing obesity but have not acted sufficiently.

The rise in obesity can be attributed to several factors, including sedentary lifestyles, cheaper unhealthy food options, and the prevalence of service-oriented jobs that offer less physical activity. Food prices have fallen since the 1990s, making it easier to consume high-fat, high-sugar foods. Areas of high deprivation are especially affected, with less healthy food options being more readily available and cheaper.

Chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, osteoarthritis, and certain cancers are linked to obesity. The UK economy loses approximately £126 billion annually due to obesity-related expenses, including £12 billion to the NHS. Over the past three decades, 14 national obesity strategies have been published, but campaigners argue that progress has been too slow.

Previous governments have proposed various measures, including banning junk food advertising, introducing levies on high-sugar soft drinks, and restricting TV ads for unhealthy products. However, these plans have been largely unsuccessful or delayed, partly due to the pandemic and other factors. In January 2024, the Labour government introduced a ban on junk food advertising before 9 PM on television and online, but further actions to combat obesity remain pending.

Weight loss drugs like GLP1s are increasingly being used to treat obesity, but eligibility criteria are strict. The Department of Health and Social Care emphasizes the importance of promoting healthier lifestyles, increasing physical activity, and encouraging better food choices. However, experts urge for a more comprehensive approach, learning from countries like France, which have managed to stabilize obesity levels.