X(2370) emerges as glueball-dominated particle in collider experiments
At the International Conference on High Energy Physics in Brazil, the BESIII Collaboration report that, after 15 years of sustained research, it identified the dominant constituent of the X(2370) as a pseudoscalar glueball with spin-parity quantum numbers of 0⁻⁺.
In 2011, the BESIII Collaboration at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider discovered a new particle, the X(2370), in decays of J/ψ particles. After 13 more years of research, they determined the particle's spin-parity quantum numbers to be 0⁻⁺ in 2024. This finding aligns perfectly with theoretical predictions for a pseudoscalar glueball, a particle composed entirely of gluons and predicted by quantum chromodynamics.
The mass and quantum numbers of the X(2370) match those predicted for a pseudoscalar glueball (0⁻⁺), marking a significant milestone in validating theoretical predictions. Recently, the collaboration identified several new decay modes of the X(2370) and confirmed its "flavor-singlet" nature, a crucial characteristic of a glueball.
This series of studies provides a comprehensive experimental link, establishing that a pseudoscalar glueball component is the dominant constituent of the X(2370). The discovery not only verifies the strong interaction force mediated by gluons but also serves as a direct test of the non-Abelian gauge structure of quantum chromodynamics.
The unique capabilities of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider in observing such high-energy particle physics make this result particularly noteworthy, providing compelling evidence for the existence of glueballs and deepening our understanding of the fundamental components of matter.
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