Major study challenges long-held fears about acetaminophen and ibuprofen use in babies

A new comprehensive study offers reassurance about the safety of using acetaminophen (paracetamol) and ibuprofen (Advil) in babies during their first year. Researchers found no evidence to support previous concerns that these common pain relievers might increase the risk of eczema or bronchiolitis, a respiratory illness prevalent in young children.

Lead researcher Professor Stuart Dalziel, Chair of Child Health Research at the University of Auckland, emphasizes that acetaminophen and ibuprofen are incredibly safe for young children, being among the most frequently prescribed or purchased over-the-counter medications globally. The study, involving nearly 4,000 babies in New Zealand, assigned half to receive acetaminophen and the other half to receive ibuprofen when needed for fever or pain.

Regular assessments were conducted to monitor for eczema, asthma symptoms, and bronchiolitis. The findings, published in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, showed no significant difference in the incidence of eczema (16% in the acetaminophen group vs. 15% in the ibuprofen group) or bronchiolitis (5% in each group) between the two groups.

Serious side effects were rare and not linked to either medication. This randomized controlled trial, considered the gold standard, is the first to directly examine this question. The research, part of the larger Paracetamol and Ibuprofen in the Primary Prevention of Asthma in Tamariki (PIPPA Tamariki) study, will continue to monitor the children until they reach age six, aiming to determine any potential links to health conditions that become apparent later in childhood.

Future results at ages three and six will provide insights into the relationship between paracetamol use in infancy and asthma, eczema, hay fever, and developmental disorders like autism and ADHD.