Dry needling is different to acupuncture. So what’s involved? And is it effective?

Dry needling is a technique used by physiotherapists, chiropractors and osteopaths to treat muscle pain. It involves inserting thin needles into specific areas of the muscle, called myofascial trigger points. These needles stay in the muscle for a few minutes and can cause a twitch response, which is believed to relax the muscle, reduce inflammation, promote healing and alleviate pain. However, it is unclear whether dry needling is actually effective or if its benefits are due to a placebo effect.

Dry needling is similar to acupuncture, as both use solid, single-use needles to reduce pain. However, the main difference lies in how the needle locations are chosen. Traditional acupuncture selects points based on Chinese medicine concepts, while dry needling targets tissue that is thought to be the source of symptoms.

Dry needling is becoming more popular, with a 2023 survey of Australian physiotherapists finding that 64% use this technique. However, few clinical practice guidelines recommend dry needling due to concerns about the lack of rigorous research and potential risks. Serious risks such as puncturing major arteries, veins and nerves are rare, but less serious side effects like minor bleeding, bruising, and soreness are common.

Factors such as taking blood thinning medication or having an immune disorder can increase these risks.

Before undergoing dry needling, it is important to discuss the benefits, risks and practicalities with your healthcare provider. Ask about alternative treatments that could provide similar relief and inquire about the likelihood of potential benefits and risks occurring to you. Transparency and ongoing discussion about risks and benefits are crucial for making an informed decision.